Zero-party data is information a customer deliberately and proactively volunteers, distinct from data inferred from their behavior.

A year-over-year comparison measures performance against the same period last year, correcting for normal seasonal swings.

An email address is both a unique identifier and a piece of personal data protected under privacy law.

A year-in-review email summarizes a customer's activity over the past year, purchases, savings, or milestones reached.

An XML product feed structures catalog data in nested tags, still required by Google Shopping and comparison engines.